Thanks to rapid progress in artificial intelligence, we have entered an era when technology and philosophy intersect in interesting ways. Sitting squarely at the centre of this intersection are large language models (LLMs). The more adept LLMs become at mimicking human language, the more vulnerable we become to anthropomorphism, to seeing the systems in which they are embedded as more human-like than they really are. This trend is amplified by the natural tendency to use philosophically loaded terms, such as "knows", "believes", and "thinks", when describing these systems. To mitigate this trend, this paper advocates the practice of repeatedly stepping back to remind ourselves of how LLMs, and the systems of which they form a part, actually work. The hope is that increased scientific precision will encourage more philosophical nuance in the discourse around artificial intelligence, both within the field and in the public sphere.

尽管当代的大语言模型（LMS）表现出令人印象深刻的提问功能，但它们的答案通常是单个呼吁模型的产物。这需要不受欢迎的不透明度和损害性能，尤其是在本质上是多步骤的问题上。为了解决这些局限性，我们可以通过一个过程通过因果结构反映了问题的基本逻辑结构的过程来展示如何制作LMS来执行忠实的多步推理。我们的方法是通过将推理步骤链接在一起的，每个步骤都来自调用两个微调的LMS，一个用于选择，一种用于推理，以产生有效的推理跟踪。我们的方法在推理轨迹的空间中进行了光束搜索，以提高推理质量。我们证明了模型对多步逻辑推论和科学提问的有效性，表明它在最终答案的准确性上优于基准，并生成可解释的人类解释的推理痕迹，其有效性可以由用户检查。

我们在各种诱导的稀疏性约束下，以相关神经体系结构在以对象为中心（基于插槽）表示的情况下，通过关系神经体系结构学到的软符号的合成性。我们发现，增加的稀疏性，尤其是在功能上，可以提高某些模型的性能，并导致更简单的关系。此外，我们观察到，当并非所有对象都完全捕获时，以对象为中心的表示可能会有害。CNN不太容易发生的故障模式。这些发现证明了解释性和绩效之间的权衡，即使对于旨在解决关系任务的模型也是如此。

深度加强学习（深RL）最近在开发泛化算法中看到了显着进展。但是，大多数算法都是针对单一类型的泛化设置。在这项工作中，我们研究了三个不同任务结构的概括：（a）由定期发生的物体运动的空间和时间组成组成的任务; （b）由积极的感知和导航定期发生的3D对象组成的任务; （c）任务由记住目标信息，通过定期发生的对象配置的序列。这些不同的任务结构都分享了合作性的潜在思想：任务完成始终涉及结合任务导向的感知和行为的反复性段。我们假设代理可以在任务结构中概括，如果它可以发现捕获这些重复任务段的表示。对于我们的任务，这对应于识别单个对象动作的表示，用于向3D对象导航，并通过对象配置导航。从认知科学中获取灵感，我们为代理人经验的经常性细分而言，“感知模式”的阶段代表。我们提出了参加经常性模块（农场）的功能，该功能学习了一种状态表示，其中感知模式分布在多个相对较小的复发模块中。我们比较农场到经常性的架构，从而利用空间关注，这将观察特征减少到空间位置的加权平均值。我们的实验表明，我们的特征注意力机制更好地使农场能够通过我们学习的各种对象的域来推广。

Three main points: 1. Data Science (DS) will be increasingly important to heliophysics; 2. Methods of heliophysics science discovery will continually evolve, requiring the use of learning technologies [e.g., machine learning (ML)] that are applied rigorously and that are capable of supporting discovery; and 3. To grow with the pace of data, technology, and workforce changes, heliophysics requires a new approach to the representation of knowledge.

Large language models have ushered in a golden age of semantic parsing. The seq2seq paradigm allows for open-schema and abstractive attribute and relation extraction given only small amounts of finetuning data. Language model pretraining has simultaneously enabled great strides in natural language inference, reasoning about entailment and implication in free text. These advances motivate us to construct ImPaKT, a dataset for open-schema information extraction, consisting of around 2500 text snippets from the C4 corpus, in the shopping domain (product buying guides), professionally annotated with extracted attributes, types, attribute summaries (attribute schema discovery from idiosyncratic text), many-to-one relations between compound and atomic attributes, and implication relations. We release this data in hope that it will be useful in fine tuning semantic parsers for information extraction and knowledge base construction across a variety of domains. We evaluate the power of this approach by fine-tuning the open source UL2 language model on a subset of the dataset, extracting a set of implication relations from a corpus of product buying guides, and conducting human evaluations of the resulting predictions.

Wildfires are a common problem in many areas of the world with often catastrophic consequences. A number of systems have been created to provide early warnings of wildfires, including those that use satellite data to detect fires. The increased availability of small satellites, such as CubeSats, allows the wildfire detection response time to be reduced by deploying constellations of multiple satellites over regions of interest. By using machine learned components on-board the satellites, constraints which limit the amount of data that can be processed and sent back to ground stations can be overcome. There are hazards associated with wildfire alert systems, such as failing to detect the presence of a wildfire, or detecting a wildfire in the incorrect location. It is therefore necessary to be able to create a safety assurance case for the wildfire alert ML component that demonstrates it is sufficiently safe for use. This paper describes in detail how a safety assurance case for an ML wildfire alert system is created. This represents the first fully developed safety case for an ML component containing explicit argument and evidence as to the safety of the machine learning.

Deep learning semantic segmentation algorithms have provided improved frameworks for the automated production of Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) maps, which significantly increases the frequency of map generation as well as consistency of production quality. In this research, a total of 28 different model variations were examined to improve the accuracy of LULC maps. The experiments were carried out using Landsat 5/7 or Landsat 8 satellite images with the North American Land Change Monitoring System labels. The performance of various CNNs and extension combinations were assessed, where VGGNet with an output stride of 4, and modified U-Net architecture provided the best results. Additional expanded analysis of the generated LULC maps was also provided. Using a deep neural network, this work achieved 92.4% accuracy for 13 LULC classes within southern Manitoba representing a 15.8% improvement over published results for the NALCMS. Based on the large regions of interest, higher radiometric resolution of Landsat 8 data resulted in better overall accuracies (88.04%) compare to Landsat 5/7 (80.66%) for 16 LULC classes. This represents an 11.44% and 4.06% increase in overall accuracy compared to previously published NALCMS results, including larger land area and higher number of LULC classes incorporated into the models compared to other published LULC map automation methods.

检测障碍对于安全有效的自动驾驶至关重要。为此，我们提出了NVRadarnet，这是一种深神经网络（DNN），它使用汽车雷达传感器检测动态障碍物和可驱动的自由空间。该网络利用从多个雷达传感器的时间积累的数据来检测动态障碍，并在自上而下的鸟类视图（BEV）中计算其方向。该网络还可以回归可驱动的自由空间，以检测未分类的障碍。我们的DNN是第一个使用稀疏雷达信号的同类DNN，以实时从雷达数据实时执行障碍物和自由空间检测。在实际的自动驾驶场景中，该网络已成功地用于我们的自动驾驶汽车。该网络在嵌入式GPU上的运行速度快于实时时间，并且在地理区域显示出良好的概括。

机器学习（ML）与高能物理学（HEP）的快速发展的交集给我们的社区带来了机会和挑战。远远超出了标准ML工具在HEP问题上的应用，这两个领域的一代人才素养正在开发真正的新的和潜在的革命性方法。迫切需要支持跨学科社区推动这些发展的需求，包括在这两个领域的交汇处为专门研究提供资金，在大学投资高性能计算以及调整分配政策以支持这项工作，开发社区工具和标准，并为年轻研究人员提供教育和职业道路，从而吸引了机器学习的智力活力，以吸引高能量物理学。